00 Center large image: Bird's eye view of the Black Hills illustrating its topographical structure from: Newton, Henry, 1879, Topographical and Geological Atlas of the Black Hills of Dakota: Washington: Government Printing Office, 1880.

Images on left from top down:

01 Front piece for Report upon the Colorado River of the West showing river boat constructed to undertake the expedition. Ives, J. C., 1861, General Report.

02 Powell party ready to start, Colorado River Expedition (1871).

03 William Henry Jackson, photographer. (Yellowstone National Park.) U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, (Hayden Survey).

04 The last photo of Alfred Wegener and Rasmus Villumsen, taken on 1 November 1930 (Wegener's 50th birthday) as they were leaving the "Eismitte" Station.

05 O. C. Marsh 1872 expedition. Marsh is seen standing in the middle of the back row holding a rock hammer in his left hand.

06 Mount St. Elias from the south, with men and sled, Alaska, adequate substitute for plate 8-A in U.S. Geological Survey. Professional paper 45. 1906. (I. C. Russell, photographer and author).

07 Camp scene. Photo by T.H. O'Sullivan. Geological Exploration of the Fortieth Parallel (King Survey).

Images on right from top down:

08 Athanasius Kircher, Mundus subterraneus (1664/65).

09 H.M.S. Beagle in Straits of Megellan (1832).

10 William Smith's structural section of southern England’s rock layers (1820).

11 James Hutton's sketch of an angular unconformity in the Southern Uplands of Scotland (1795).

12 H. de Saussure's climb to the summit of Mount Blanc (1787).

13 William Frederick Mitchell: Painting of HMS Challenger (1858).

14 The Piltdown Man by John Cooke (1915). Back row: (left to right) F. O. Barlow, G. Elliot Smith, Charles Dawson, Arthur Smith Woodward. Front row: A. S. Underwood, Arthur Keith, W. P. Pycraft, and Sir Ray Lankester. Painting of Charles Darwin on the wall.